Prescription Drugs 2 Go

Authors: Brändén L, Fredriksson A, Harring E, Jensen J, Lehmann A
While patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease generally respond well to proton pump inhibitors, 20-30% continue to experience troublesome symptoms. In such cases, agents that target transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation may be useful as add-on therapy to proton pump inhibitors. The GABA(B) receptor agonist Baclofen inhibits transient LES relaxation but it is not an ideal agent due to central nervous system activity. Lesogaberan (AZD3355) is a peripherally acting GABA(B) receptor agonist with limited …

In this study, we have examined the molecular targets of ethanol-induced toxicity in humans based on a systematic review of literature data and then discussed current and potential therapeutic targets for alcohol abuse and dependence. Using human samples with ethanol exposure, microarray analyses of gene expression have shown that numerous genes are up- and/or down-regulated by alcohol exposure. The ethanol-responsive genes mainly encode functional proteins such as proteins involved in nucleic acid binding, transcription factors, selected regulatory molecules, and receptors. These genes are also correlated with important biological pathways, such …

This study demonstrates a new role for the GABAB receptor in inflammation, making it a potential new therapeutic target to treat inflammatory skin diseases. (Source: Experimental Dermatology)

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Atypical antipsychotics are widely believed to be better tolerated in adults than first-generation, or typical antipsychotics, and more likely to be taken long-term. They are less likely to cause tremors and other serious movement disorders that affect users of typical antipsychotics.
In contrast to the earlier drugs, atypicals usually work on serotonin receptors in addition to dopamine receptors. Drugs in this group include olanzapine (Zyprexa), clozapine (Clozaril), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon), aripiprazole (Abilify) and paliperidone (Invega).
The drugs are prescribed for conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders and may …

In conclusion, although a primary role in reinstated drug seeking by the prelimbic and the accumbens core is similar between cocaine and methamphetamine, the recruitment of the infralimbic cortex by conditioned cues differs between these two psychostimulant drugs. (Source: European Journal of Neuroscience)

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Newly formed memories are initially fragile and require consolidation to be transformed into an enduring state. Memory consolidation may occur during increased postlearning REM sleep. REM deprivation during these periods (termed REM sleep windows [RSWs]) impairs subsequent performance. The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPT) and adjacent deep mesencephalic reticular nuclei (DpMe) have been implicated in the generation of REM sleep. Following 24-hr baseline recording, rats were trained on the 2-way avoidance task for 50 trials/day over 2 days and retested on Day 3. EEG was recorded 22 hr after training on training …

Objective: To evaluate published evidence of efficacy and safety of pharmacologic treatments for childhood spasticity due to cerebral palsy.
Methods: A multidisciplinary panel systematically reviewed relevant literature from 1966 to July 2008.
Results: For localized/segmental spasticity, botulinum toxin type A is established as an effective treatment to reduce spasticity in the upper and lower extremities. There is conflicting evidence regarding functional improvement. Botulinum toxin type A was found to be generally safe in children with cerebral palsy; however, the Food and Drug Administration is presently investigating isolated cases of generalized weakness resulting …